...recover lost money, banks accused account-holders of making a mistake, lying, or being negligent in not keeping safe theirPin numbers. Two years ago, the near-miss of a Virgin Atlantic 747 and a Delta Airlines 767 over Wales led to a passenger...
http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2004/06/01/202732/accountable-to-whom.htm
...into the ATM and then the ATM requests the user to enter theirPIN. The information held on the magnetic stripe of the card...presents them with a random challenge. The user enters theirPIN into their access control token, to activate the token...
http://www.datacom.si/PDF/Advanced_Authentication_Whitepaper.pdf