People who have suffered traumatic brain injuries and are unable
to speak are being given the chance to communicate by using
brainwaves to control a specially developed laptop.
The system has been devised by a computer researcher at the
University of Portsmouth. Paul
Gnanayutham's system uses patients' brainwaves and eye and muscular
movements (together called
biopotentials) to move a cursor on a computer screen towards
target points.
When the target points on the prototype device are activated,
this action can then be converted into responses such as 'yes',
'no', 'thank you', turning on of an electrical appliance such as a
television, or opening a link to an internet page of the patient's
choice. The responses can be customised for the individual.
All that is now needed for the system to benefit more people is
funding to turn it into a product that can be bought and used
without expert help.
Gnanayutham said, "This technology has been around, but very few
people have used it for anything worthwhile. I worked with
traumatic brain injured participants who were paraplegics,
non-verbal and tube fed to give them a voice and the ability to say
'yes' or 'no' on a computer screen by using their brainwaves.
"Learning how to navigate using their facial muscles or
brainwaves isn't easy and can take months. I worked for eight
months with one young man who hadn't communicated after his brain
stem was broken in an accident. His mother knew he was 'there' and
wasn't giving up on her son, but there had been no sign, no
movement, nothing until he started using the brain wave
system."
The system is non-invasive and works by attaching probes on an
Alice band worn around the head, which picks up brainwaves, muscle
and eye movement signals at the forehead.
These signals are then fed into an amplifier which can cut out
external noise and listen only to the bio-potentials of the person
wearing the electrodes, so the computer sees the brain-body
interface as the cursor's control.
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