What is it?
Python is one of the trio of programming languages that make up
the "p" of the Lamp (Linux, Apache, MySQL) development stack.
Like Perl and PHP, it can be downloaded free of charge, together
with a range of tutorial material and other resources to suit every
level, and it is an ideal addition to the portfolio of the
cash-strapped developer who wants to move on.
Less widely used than Perl and PHP, Python nevertheless has its
own particular strengths, and it is used by many businesses and
academic organisations.
Python users claim high productivity, partly thanks to the
comprehensiveness of the standard library. The emphasis on
simplicity of syntax and readability is said to lead to high
quality, maintainable code. But the description "minimalist", often
applied to Python, is not always meant as a compliment,
particularly when used by Perl developers.
Where did it originate?
Python was created in 1990 by Dutch programmer Guido van Rossum
during a holiday when he was also reading Monty Python scripts. He
had been working on a language for beginners, ABC, and its
user-friendliness has been kept in Python. Python was written in C,
but there is also a pure Java version called Jython.
What is it for?
Python supports several programming paradigms, including object
orientation and structured programming. It can be easily extended
using C, C++, Java or .net, and it integrates well with other
languages and tools.
Python is sometimes described as a scripting language, but it
has a much wider range of applications, including web development,
application integration, network programming, graphical user
interfaces, test scripts, bug tracking, lifecycle management,
games, scientific and educational applications, and 3D
graphics.
What makes it special?
In particular, Python users cite the standard library, plus the
thousands of third-party add on modules, which cover most developer
requirements when creating internet applications, interfacing to
databases, porting applications and testing code.
How difficult is it to master?
With its roots in ABC, Python was designed with beginners in
mind, as reflected in its simple, consistent syntax. It is also
recommended as a general introduction to programming - van Rossum
claims that people can work with user-defined objects on their
first course. The amount of functionality in the standard library
means that learners can soon begin tackling real coding tasks.
Where is it used?
Python users include Nasa, Google, Yahoo, Industrial Light and
Magic, AstraZeneca, Honeywell and the University of St Andrews. It
is also shipped with many Linux and Unix distributions and some
Windows machines. There is an extensive database of software
development and business application case studies at
www.python.org/about/success
What systems does it run on?
Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga, Palm handhelds, and
Nokia mobile phones. Python has also been ported to the Java and
.net virtual machines. There are downloadable interfaces to MySQL,
Oracle, MS SQL Server, PostgreSQL and others.
What is coming up?
New releases of Python arrive every 18 months or so, but the
language is very stable and these tend to be evolutionary.
Training
Links to free Python tutorials for beginners and experienced
programmers can be found at
http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
Rates of pay
Developers who combine Python with other web skills can look for
a salary of £30,000 and upwards.
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