What is it?
Linux is a freeware, Unix-type operating system that is
distributed along with its source code so users can make changes
and then redistribute it.
There is a strange imbalance in the Linux world. At one end it
is dependent on a handful of talented individuals, with constant
speculation about overwork, burnout and slowing down of creative
effort. At the other end, thousands of the world's best-paid IT
staff are promoting and selling it, and repackaging it to meet the
demands of corporations and governments.
Meanwhile, the argument over total cost of ownership continues.
Linux may be "free", or at least cheaper than Windows Server, but
Microsoft has been quick to highlight research that has shown it is
much more expensive to run, particularly in staff costs. This
summer IBM funded a study which claimed that support and
maintenance were cheaper on Linux, and Unix people could easily
make the transition.
Where did it originate?
In 1991, University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds requested
help developing a free operating system he described as "just a
hobby, won't be big and professional".
What's it for?
Linux is still strongest in the server market. IDC figures
published in May put server market growth at 13.5%, with Linux at
31.3%, Windows at 10.7% and Unix at 5%.
Examining IDC's figures, analyst Robin Bloor said, "Linux is
gaining credibility in areas of server usage where it was weak;
package implementations, database applications, decision support
and so on." But he warned that where competition depended on the
popularity of packages such as Exchange, Sharepoint and Microsoft
Business Solutions, "Linux may never get a grip."
For several years it has been predicted that Linux will break
into the desktop market, overtaking Macintosh and making a serious
dent in Windows. Analyst firm Gartner said, "Given a greenfield
environment, most users could get their work done either on Windows
or Linux, Microsoft Office or Openoffice. But the world is not a
greenfield environment."
What makes it special?
A huge armoury of freely downloadable utilities and development
tools, a large and supportive community to push development and
help with problems, a growing range of professional service
organisations, and effective management tools. Veritas/ Symantec
has brought its storage management products for Linux up to the
same standard as those for Solaris and other Unix.
Where is it used?
Most organisations start by adopting Linux as a web server, and
for some that is where it remains. But Gartner said, "Linux has
moved past the curiosity factor stage and is playing a significant
role in datacentre deployments."
How difficult is it to master?
Linux is easier for those from a Unix background rather than a
Windows background, though major Linux suppliers such as IBM offer
training and tools to help make the transition from Windows
easier.
What systems does it run on?
Most hardware, from PDAs and mobile phones to mainframes and
supercomputers.
What's coming up?
IBM, Red Hat and Trusted Computer Solutions are working together
to improve Linux security, with the US government's requirements in
mind.